Photovoltaic power generation system is a new type of power generation system that directly converts solar radiation energy into electrical energy by using the photovoltaic effect of photovoltaic panels. Photovoltaic power generation system can be divided into independent, grid-connected and hybrid solar power system according to the operation mode. The main part of photovoltaic system is solar panel. For solar panel mounting structure design, the selection of other supporting equipment other than solar panels should be based on the specific situation and actual needs.

solar panel

The solar panel is the core device of the photovoltaic system, just like the generator of the traditional power plant. After receiving the solar energy, it converts the solar energy into DC electric energy, and then transmits the electric energy directly to the load through the cable (line) or through the combiner box, inverter, distribution cabinet and other equipment.

Combiner box

The combiner box can be divided into DC combiner box and AC combiner box.

Due to the limited number of modules in each group of solar panel series group, in the large-scale photovoltaic system, for the solar array composed of a very large number of solar modules, the single-phase or three-phase output of the inverter can be combined into a larger power output through the AC combiner box in the case of multiple inverters, so as to reduce the number of AC cables and simplify the problem of AC wiring construction.

Battery

The battery can be divided into two types: high energy density and high power density. In the photovoltaic system, it plays the role of storing and regulating electric energy respectively, while high power plays the role of regulating power. At present, the high energy density batteries used in the photovoltaic system mainly include lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-sulfur batteries. The high power density batteries used are mainly supercapacitor batteries. The battery is usually used in conjunction with the charge and discharge control device.

Inverter

The power generated by the solar cell is DC. If the load is ordinary AC load or the power generated needs to be integrated into the AC power grid, the DC power needs to be converted into standard AC power through the inverter. If the electric energy of the photovoltaic system is only used for DC load, the inverter is not required. The inverter is divided into off-grid inverter and grid-connected inverter, which are respectively used for off-grid and grid-connected photovoltaic systems.

Protection switch box and distribution cabinet

The functions of the protection switch box and the distribution cabinet are basically the same, but the former is simple in structure and the latter is slightly more complex. Both can be divided into DC type and AC type, respectively corresponding to different loads.

Operation monitoring system

For large-scale photovoltaic system, industrial control PC is usually used as the monitoring host of the system to communicate with the data acquisition and processing unit to collect, process and display the equipment operation status and working parameters of the photovoltaic system in real time. More detailed operation parameters can be viewed through keyboard operation, such as input DC voltage, DC current, DC power, output AC voltage, AC current, frequency, power factor, current power generation, daily power generation, cumulative power generation, power generation curve, etc. of each inverter.

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